## Is Pennsylvania a no-fault state for car accidents? When someone gets hurt in a car accident, who pays for the medical bills depends on what kind of state you're in. Every state falls into one of four categories. ### Pennsylvania's system **Choice no-fault state.** At policy purchase, drivers choose between (a) a no-fault option (cheaper premium, but a threshold has to be crossed before suing) or (b) full-tort coverage (higher premium, no threshold to sue). The default and rules vary by state. - **Minimum PIP:** $5,000 PIP minimum (up to $25K) - **Tort threshold:** Verbal: death or serious injury under 'limited tort' option. ZERO threshold under 'full tort' option. **Worth knowing about Pennsylvania:** PA is a 'choice' no-fault state — choose 'limited tort' (cheaper, threshold applies) or 'full tort' (higher premium, no threshold) at policy purchase. ## What PIP covers When PIP applies (in no-fault, choice, or add-on states), it typically pays: - **Medical expenses** — emergency room, hospital, doctor visits, physical therapy, prescriptions - **Lost wages** — usually a percentage of your normal income, up to a cap - **Replacement services** — costs of household tasks you can't do (childcare, lawn care, etc.) - **Funeral expenses** in fatal cases - **Survivor's benefits** Each state caps these benefits, and the caps run from $5K (low end) to unlimited (Michigan's pre-2019 system). ## What PIP does NOT cover - **Pain and suffering** — never paid by PIP; only by tort claim against at-fault driver - **Property damage** — vehicle damage is handled by collision/property insurance, not PIP - **Punitive damages** - **Damages above the PIP cap** — the rest can be recovered in a tort claim if eligible ## When you can sue in a no-fault state In no-fault states, you can step OUTSIDE the no-fault system and sue if your injuries cross the state's tort threshold. Two types of thresholds: - **Monetary threshold** — your medical bills exceed a dollar amount (e.g., $4,000 in MN, $2,000 in MA) - **Verbal threshold** — your injuries fall into a defined serious-injury category (death, dismemberment, fracture, permanent injury, significant disfigurement) Some states use one, some use the other, and a few use both. ## Property damage works differently Even in no-fault states, **property damage** (vehicle repair) is usually handled on a fault basis — you sue (or claim against) the at-fault driver's insurance for car repair. PIP/no-fault rules apply to bodily injury only. ## The reform landscape No-fault systems have been heavily reformed in recent decades: - **Connecticut** repealed no-fault in 1994 - **Colorado** repealed no-fault in 2003 - **Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Kentucky, DC** offer choice systems - **Michigan** kept unlimited PIP from 1973 to 2019, when it added a tiered-choice system - **Florida** has had multiple PIP reform attempts The general direction has been to scale back no-fault — costs got hard to control with mandatory medical-only coverage. ## What you should do Whether Pennsylvania is no-fault, fault, or somewhere in between, the immediate steps after a crash are the same: get medical care, document the scene, notify your insurance, and don't talk to the other driver's insurance company without a lawyer. The legal system gets technical — talk to a Pennsylvania car accident attorney before signing anything or accepting a settlement. Most offer free consultations and work on contingency. --- *This guide is general information about Pennsylvania law as of early 2026 and is not legal advice. No-fault and tort thresholds have many edge cases — particularly around what counts as a "serious injury" under each state's verbal threshold. Talk to a licensed Pennsylvania attorney about your specific situation.*