Pratt, Elina Hum

Virginia consumer protection laws — state UDAP statutes + federal FTC Act + Magnuson-Moss + similar — provide treble damages + attorney's fees for deceptive business practices.

Virginia spendthrift trusts protect inheritance from beneficiary's creditors, divorces, and bad spending — by limiting beneficiary's right to transfer + restricting creditor access to assets in trust.

Virginia blended families need careful estate planning to avoid disinheriting biological children when surviving spouse remarries — QTIP trusts, life insurance, and specific structures address the conflict.