Curtis, Michael

Virginia criminal restitution requires defendants to repay victims for losses caused by the crime — mandatory in many cases, enforceable as civil judgment, often non-dischargeable in bankruptcy.

Virginia criminal defendants can pursue sentence reduction post-conviction through compassionate release, First Step Act retroactive provisions, Rule 35 motions, and clemency / commutation petitions.

Virginia criminal suspects have Miranda rights — to remain silent + to attorney — but rights only apply during "custodial interrogation," not all police questioning. Suppression remedies require careful analysis.